Presence Effects in Virtual Reality Based on User Characteristics: Attention, Enjoyment, and Memory

Presence refers to the emotional state of users where their motivation for thinking and acting arises based on perception entities in a virtual world. The immersion level can vary when they interact with different media content, which may result levels presence especially reality (VR) environment. This study investigates how user characteristics, such as gender, level, valence VR, are related three elements effects (attention, enjoyment, memory). A VR story was created used an immersive stimulus experiment, presented through head-mounted display (HMD) equipped eye tracker that collected participants’ gaze data during experiment. total 53 university students (26 females, 27 males), age range from 20 29 years old (mean 23.8), participated set pre- post-questionnaires were subjective measure support evidence relationships among characteristics. results showed valence, affected presence, however, there is no attention associated enjoyment or memory.